Neanderthals and other extinct human lineages might have been ancient mariners, venturing to the Mediterranean islands thousands of years earlier than previously thought.
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Neandertals may not have painted pictures on cave walls, but a new study proposes they had an artistic sensibility. These close Stone Age relatives of people regularly made personal and possibly ritual ornaments that included bird feathers. 
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The basic questions about early European cave art—who made it and whether they developed artistic talent swiftly or slowly—were thought by many researchers to have been settled long ago: Modern humans made the paintings, crafting brilliant artworks almost as soon as they entered Europe from Africa. Now dating experts working in Spain, using a technique relatively new to archaeology, have pushed dates for the earliest cave art back some 4000 years to at least 41,000 years ago*, raising the possibility that the artists were Neandertals rather than modern humans. And a few researchers say that the study argues for the slow development of artistic skill over tens of thousands of years.
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Western Europe has long been held to be the 'cradle' of Neandertal evolution since many of the earliest discoveries were from sites in this region.
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From
io9
Modern humans evolved about 200000 years ago — and by 20000 years ago we had taken over the world, wiping out all our would-be competitors, like Neanderthals.
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Most Neanderthals in Europe died off around 50,000 years ago, new research suggests.
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Lauren Davis reopens the debate started by Zach Zorich at Archeology and continued by yours truly over whether or not we should clone a Neanderthal.
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Scientists have completed the genome sequence of a Denisovan, a representative of an Asian group of extinct humans related to Neanderthals.
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New published research from anthropologists in the UK supports the long-held theory that early human ancestors across Africa, Western Asia and Europe engineered their stone tools. ...
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Computational modeling that examines evidence of how hominin groups evolved culturally and biologically in response to climate change during the last Ice Age also bears new insights into the extinction of Neanderthals.
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The Kennis twins will change the way we see our ancestors, says Stefanie Marsh, if we're not afraid to look...
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According to recent finds over the past two years by the University of Crete’s History and Archaeology Department in collaboration with the 36th Superintendence for Classical and Prehistoric Antiquities in the active archaeological sites in the group of Meganisi island, Neanderthal men and women liked Greek islands, and were almost certainly their first inhabitants.
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What we don’t see with Neandertals is long-distance exchanges with other groups. What we see with modern humans in the same area is different.
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Of course, this is inevitably subjective; an attempt to read the minds of humans who lived tens of thousands of years ago from the scant markings they left behind - if they were from our species at all. But it's one of the few ways we have to start assembling hypotheses about prehistoric people's beliefs and culture, in the hope that we can one day test them with newer scientific techniques.
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Europe, eighty thousand years ago, for countless generations the kingdom of a remarkable and mysterious creature, Neanderthal... Neanderthal | Watch Free Documentary Film Online
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A genetic study of two Neanderthal females found in Croatia has revealed that they had brown hair and brown eyes.
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From
io9
Humans likely first took to the seas about 50,000 years ago. But there's mounting evidence that our Neanderthal cousins were routinely sailing throughout the Mediterranean twice as long ago.
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We have seen cave paintings where the splashy red pigment was used to create images by ancient humans in present-day Europe tens of thousands of years ago. Scientists have said that ancient humans used it generally in Europe about 40,000 - 60,000 years ago, in West Asia as long ago as 100,000 years, and by the ancients in Africa as long ago as 200,000-250,000 years. Now, a new study suggests that Neanderthals were also using it in the present-day Netherlands region of Europe as far back as 200,000-250,000 years ago, if not earlier.
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From
io9
This cave painting is thought to be 43,000 years old, making it 8,000 years older than any other known art. It was most likely the work of Neanderthals, who apparently discovered the DNA double helix 43 millennia before we did.
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Homo neanderthalensis is not a species to be dismissed lightly. They weren't especially dumb, nor especially weak. Indeed, they actually had larger brains and denser muscles than we did.
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Researchers examined small quantities of red material on well-preserved flint and bones dug up from an archaeological site in Maastricht in the Netherlands. Via ramblejamble
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Neanderthals are stumping for bragging rights as the first builders of mammoth-bone structures, an accomplishment usually attributed to Stone Age people.
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Oxford University scientists think the ginger gene, which is responsible for red hair, fair skin and freckles, could be up to 100,000 years old..... Via ramblejamble
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