A new study has increased the mystery surrounding the inner workings of the planet. The study by boffins at the University of London and published in Nature, found that the solid ball of iron that forms the Earth's core is losing heat 2-3 times faster than previously thought via a process called conduction. This suggests that the core could be solidifying much faster than earlier estimates. Source: NY Times
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The dynamic motion of the Earth’s interior helps shape its surface — and ultimately makes life on the planet possible. What type of heat transfer does the Earth's Outer Core demonstrate? Via glenn blakney 
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(PhysOrg.com) -- Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, may be causing its own core to liquefy, at least according to Hugh Wilson and colleague Burkhard Militzer of UC, Berkeley.
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Identifying the composition of the earth's core is key to understanding how our planet formed and the current behavior of its interior. While it has been known for many years that iron is the main element in the core, many questions have remained about just how iron behaves under the conditions found deep in the earth. Now, a team led by mineral-physics researchers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) has honed in on those behaviors by conducting extremely high-pressure experiments on the element.
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(PhysOrg.com) -- An international team of astronomers led by PhD student Paul Beck from Leuven University in Belgium have managed to look deep inside some old stars and discovered that their cores spin at least ten times as fast as their surfaces.
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The composition of the Earth's core remains a mystery. Scientists know that the liquid outer core consists mainly of iron, but it is believed that small amounts of some other elements are present as well.
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New research suggests the existing models of Earth’s core may not explain its complexities.
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Scientists studying the rotation of the Earth have long known that our planet doesn't have a perfect spin. Most believe this is due to the different types of materials that make up the core, mantle and crust, which all have different rates of spin causing inherent friction. Most models researchers have developed however agree that in order for the planet to wobble the way it does, the mantle would have to respond to the magnetic tug of the core. The problem with this though, is that the mantle is made mostly of rock, not metal, which means it’s not supposed to be conductive.
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The crushing pressures and intense temperatures in Earth's deep interior squeeze atoms and electrons so closely together that they interact very differently. With depth materials change.
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Two rotating spheres separated by thousands of kilograms of liquid sodium aim to mimic Earth's interior.
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Scientists carrying out extreme boffinry into the makeup of the Earth's liquid core have announced that they are very puzzled to find it is not made of what they had thought it was. Via Paulo Furtado
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Could the Earth's core be much older that previously believed? Aleksey Smirnov, assistant professor of geophysics, with colleagues from the University of Rochester and Yale University, has discovered that the earth’s inner core could actually be at least 1.2 billion years older than thought. Earlier, Smirnov helped solve the mystery of how Siberian “traps”—large-scale basaltic formations—were formed, also a controversial finding
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