4. Artificial stupidity. How can we guard against mistakes?

Intelligence comes from learning, whether you’re human or machine. Systems usually have a training phase in which they "learn" to detect the right patterns and act according to their input. Once a system is fully trained, it can then go into test phase, where it is hit with more examples and we see how it performs.

Obviously, the training phase cannot cover all possible examples that a system may deal with in the real world. These systems can be fooled in ways that humans wouldn't be. For example, random dot patterns can lead a machine to “see” things that aren’t there. If we rely on AI to bring us into a new world of labour, security and efficiency, we need to ensure that the machine performs as planned, and that people can’t overpower it to use it for their own ends.

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http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics

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From www.franksonnenbergonline.com - August 7, 2016 5:52 PM

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The time has come for the media to review their current practices and demand utmost integrity from themselves and their people. I long for a day when the news media awaken to their conscience and accept responsibility as gatekeepers of the truth. It’s time for them to understand the vital role they play and to ensure that every member lives according to the highest standards of honor and integrity. The late Edward R. Murrow, one of journalism’s great figures, said, “To be credible we must be truthful.” The media have a moral duty and an obligation to live by that principle. Truth is not an option. It’s a necessity!

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From www.newscientist.com - June 22, 2016 11:22 AM

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Thomas Metzinger is a philosopher at the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany, who specialises in the philosophy of mind and neuroscience. He is co-author, with Michael Madary, of a paper calling for a code of conduct for virtual reality.

Why do we need an ethical code of conduct for virtual reality?

Virtual reality headsets like Oculus Rift and HTC Vive will hit the consumer market this year and suddenly millions of people will be using them. VR can induce strong illusions of embodiment, where you feel as if you own and control another body. We do not know what the psychological consequences will be.

What are the risks?

There may be a risk of depersonalisation, where after an extended immersion in a virtual environment, your physical body may seem unreal to you. Fully immersive experiences have a bigger and more lasting impact on people’s behaviour and psychology. We know from the rubber hand illusion that our brains can be fooled into thinking that an inanimate rubber hand is our own. In VR environments, we can be fooled into thinking that we are our avatars.Consumers must understand that not all of the risks are known in advance. There may be a tiny percentage of the population that has a certain psychiatric vulnerability such that binging on VR may result in a prolonged psychotic episode. One can only speculate.

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The Global Search for Education: In Search of Professional Ethicists - Do they Exist? - Interview Howard GARDNER | 21st Century Learning and Teaching | Scoop.it

From www.cmrubinworld.com - April 5, 2016 9:17 AM

Gust MEES's insight:

Do you think that robots with artificial intelligence could ultimately provide the expertise and multiple intelligences that we need from human experts?
It’s already clear that artificial intelligence can provide information that we used to secure from experts or that we had to look up ourselves. Just think about Siri, Encore, and the power of many other search engines. There is every reason to believe that these systems will continue to get ‘more intelligent’. As I am writing, the best “go” player in the world is struggling to compete successfully with a newly developed computational system.
I think we need to separate three issues. Firstly does the system reach its ‘answers’ in the same way that human beings do? This is the difference between ‘artificial intelligence’ and ‘human simulation. Secondly does the system manifest its intelligence? For many of us, there’s a big difference between typing a question on our pad, as opposed to conversing with a robot or avatar. The more that the robot resembles a human being, the more satisfying it will be to many individuals, although not to me! Thirdly can the computational system provide a recommended course of action that is as solid, or even more solid, than a well-trained professional? In a way that the client finds satisfying? For the foreseeable future (say a decade or two), I think that the answer is no. But I would add that for individuals who cannot afford to consult a professional, or for whom no professional is available, an artificial system will typically be much better than the recommendations of a friend or than common sense – which is all too often common non-sense.

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From changethis.com - August 11, 2015 7:48 AM

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What Ethical Leaders Believe | pdf | Ethics | Leadership

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http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics

http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=LeaderShip

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Heuchelei

Heuchelei ( Hypokrisie) bezeichnet ein moralisch bzw. ethisch negativ besetztes Verhalten, bei dem eine Person nach außen hin ein Bild von sich vermittelt, das nicht ihrem realen Selbst entspricht. Das zugrundeliegende Zeitwort heucheln stammt ursprünglich vom unterwürfigen ducken und kriechen (mittelhochdeutsch hüchen) des Hundes ab und wurde auf vorgespieltes, schmeichelndes Verhalten übertragen.

From de.wikipedia.org - April 29, 2015 4:40 PM

Gust MEES's insight:

Heuchelei (Hypokrisie)[1] bezeichnet ein moralisch bzw. ethisch negativ besetztes Verhalten, bei dem eine Person nach außen hin ein Bild von sich vermittelt, das nicht ihrem realen Selbst entspricht. Das zugrundeliegende Zeitwort heucheln stammt ursprünglich vom unterwürfigen ducken und kriechen (mittelhochdeutsch hüchen) des Hundes ab[2] und wurde auf vorgespieltes, schmeichelndes Verhalten übertragen.

Der Philosoph und Theologe Friedrich Kirchner definierte Heuchelei als eine „aus selbstsüchtigen Interessen entspringende Verhüllung der wahren und Vorspiegelung einer falschen, in dem Betreffenden nicht vorhandenen lobenswerten Gesinnung“ und führt auf, dass ein Heuchler besser erscheinen wolle, als er ist, „um Mächtigen zu gefallen“ und „davon Gewinn zu haben“. Vorgeheuchelt werden „politische, religiöse, ethische Grundsätze, um vorwärts zu kommen“, sei es aus Feigheit, des Broterwerbs oder der „Liebedienerei“ wegen. Die Heuchelei würde seiner Meinung nach „leicht durch despotisches Regiment in Staat und Kirche geweckt“, wobei „strenge Staatsgesetze“ und „orthodoxe Religionsedikte“ die Menschheit nicht „gut und fromm“, sondern heuchlerisch machen würden.[3]

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From thenextweb.com - February 19, 2015 1:07 AM

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It looks like Lenovo has been installing adware onto new consumer computers from the company that activates when taken out of the box for the first time.

The adware, named Superfish, is reportedly installed on a number of Lenovo’s consumer laptops out of the box. The software injects third-party ads on Google searches and websites without the user’s permission.

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From www.franksonnenbergonline.com - October 21, 2014 10:56 AM

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There’s a direct correlation between moral character and success. We lose something very important when character is treated as an afterthought.

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- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Character

- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics

Melissa Marshall's curator insight, October 22, 2014 2:14 AM

There’s a direct correlation between moral character and success. We lose something very important when character is treated as an afterthought.

Developing moral character is something we need to address in schools - and it becomes more pertinent through the lens of social media interactions.

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From fr.slideshare.net - September 24, 2014 11:41 AM

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This infographic was first shared on Top 100 Thought Leader Linda Fisher Thornton's Blog at LeadinginContext.com/Blog. It has become a reader favorite. Intensi…

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- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics

- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=LeaderShip

Ian Berry's curator insight, September 24, 2014 6:50 PM

I love the list of 16. It explains really well the shifts that are happening.

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From www.pcworld.com - July 4, 2014 9:41 AM

Gust MEES's insight:

The Electronic Privacy Information Center filed the complaint Thursday, asking the FTC to impose sanctions on Facebook. The study violated terms of a 20-year consent decree that requires the social-networking company must protect its users’ privacy, EPIC said. EPIC also wants Facebook to be forced to disclose the algorithms it uses to determine what appears in users’ news feeds.

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From mashable.com - June 30, 2014 7:04 PM

Gust MEES's insight:

WHAT means "Negative Reactions"!!!??? THAT are POSITIVE REACTIONS!!!

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- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics

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From www.spiegel.de - June 30, 2014 1:04 PM

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- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics

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From www.happylawyersblog.com - June 24, 2014 9:42 AM

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- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics

- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Moral

- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Values

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From www.liberation.fr - October 22, 2016 3:56 PM

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Mythe de la start-up, précarisation des travailleurs, dépossession des capacités créatrices… Le philosophe Eric Sadin dénonce les ravages de la vision du monde propagée par le «technolibéralisme».

[Gust MEES] Tout à fait d'accord !!! L'esclavage moderne de l'être humain et l'être humain transparent à 100% !!! #Privacy n'existe plus déjà et #ETHICS c'est quoi !!!??? Quel #future...

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http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching?tag=Critical-Thinking

http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?q=ethics

http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Frank+SONNENBERG

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From www.franksonnenbergonline.com - July 7, 2016 10:19 AM

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Fairness affects everything that we do. It shapes our judgment, impacts our credibility, and affects our ability to trust. Are you fair-minded?

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From globaldigitalcitizen.org - June 1, 2016 2:44 PM

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Our Big List of 21st Century Skills
The Global Digital Citizen Foundation has given hundreds of presentations to educators and administrators in several countries over the years. Each time we’ve spoken, we have asked them what they feel are the most important 21st century skills students need above all others.
The answers that we’ve recieved most often are narrowed down below. This list comes from our book Literacy is Not Enough (Crockett, Lee et. al.; 2011). You’ll be able to see that these points correlate rather well with both the New Zealand’s capabilities list and the IB Learner Profile. They certainly cover the Common Core’s bases, too. It’s good to know we’re all on the same page, isn’t it? That’s great news for our students!
So, according to the folks we’ve asked, the consensus is that students need to acquire transparency-level skills in the following areas:

Problem solving
Creativity
Analytic thinking
Collaboration
Communication
Ethics, action, and accountabillty

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https://gustmees.wordpress.com/2015/05/26/what-are-the-skills-needed-from-students-in-the-future/

https://gustmees.wordpress.com/2016/02/18/the-new-possibilities-to-learn-and-teach-with-ict/

https://gustmees.wordpress.com/2015/07/19/learning-path-for-professional-21st-century-learning-by-ict-practice/

Lacey Mack's curator insight, June 2, 2016 8:54 AM

We aim to teach students the skills to be active citizen in modern society - but this article explains in detail what it is that we can actually teach.

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From www.inc.com - March 11, 2016 8:23 AM

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They won't avoid tough topics. They will say what needs to be said.

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http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=LeaderShip

WikiBlinks's curator insight, March 13, 2016 3:22 AM

They won't avoid tough topics. They will say what needs to be said.

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http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=LeaderShip

Dr. Deborah Brennan's curator insight, March 14, 2016 9:42 AM

They won't avoid tough topics. They will say what needs to be said.

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http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=LeaderShip

Fernando de la Cruz Naranjo Grisales's curator insight, March 16, 2016 7:21 AM

They won't avoid tough topics. They will say what needs to be said.

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http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=LeaderShip

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From leadingincontext.com - June 23, 2015 8:03 PM

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By Linda Fisher Thornton

My Applied Ethics students asked a great question that I want to answer in today's post: "Which Values Are Ethical Values?

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- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics

Ling Tzi Yeoh's curator insight, June 25, 2015 10:12 AM

Relevant to optometry profession

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From www.wired.com - March 25, 2015 10:55 AM

Gust MEES's insight:

THE AVERAGE AUTOMOBILE today isn’t necessarily secured against hackers, so much as obscured from them: Digitally controlling a car’s electronics remains an arcane, specialized skill among security researchers. But that’s changing fast. And soon, it could take as little as $60 and a laptop to begin messing around with a car’s digital innards.

Tomorrow at the Black Hat Asia security conference in Singapore, 24-year-old Eric Evenchick plans to present a new device he calls the CANtact. The open source board, which he hopes to sell for between $60 and $100, connects on one end to a computer’s USB port, and on the other to a car or truck’s OBD2 port, a network port under its dashboard. That makes the CANtact a cheap interface between any PC and a vehicle’s controller area network or CAN bus, the collection of connected computers inside of every modern automobile that control everything from its windows to its brakes.

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- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics

- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Car+Hacking

- http://www.scoop.it/t/securite-pc-et-internet/?tag=Cars

- http://www.scoop.it/t/securite-pc-et-internet/?tag=Internet+of+things

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From www.franksonnenbergonline.com - November 4, 2014 8:16 PM

Gust MEES's insight:

I watch the killing that’s taking place around the world and ask myself why?

How can someone be so intolerant that they can kill another person over their beliefs? How can someone be so angry that they’re willing to take the life of an innocent child to advance a cause? How can someone be so confused that they refuse to honor and value a life?

There’s no simple answer to the horrific crisis that we face, but I’m convinced that a contributing factor is the poisoning of our minds.

We are bombarded with hatred, intolerance, and violence every day. The entertainment industry incorporates hate, intolerance, and violence into movies, music, comedy routines, and video games in order to increase sales.

The news media hypes violence to boost television ratings. Politicians appeal to our dark side to win votes. These acts are desensitizing our personal values, polluting our minds, and corroding our culture.

While violent and hateful stimulation do not affect everyone, repetitive, negative stimulation may confuse an already deranged mind and cause that mind to snap — just as steel may break if bombarded continually at its weakest spot.

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- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching?q=values

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From www.franksonnenbergonline.com - October 20, 2014 1:16 PM

Gust MEES's insight:

Promise to Tell the Whole Truth

A promise is a promise. Some folks apply a rating scale, believing that breaking a bigpromise is inexcusable, while a small one is acceptable. That’s simply false. While breaking a big promise, such as failing to repay borrowed money, can torpedo a relationship, reneging on promises, such as being on time, casts doubt on future behavior.

Remember, trust is built through a series of experiences shared with others. When behavior is consistent, faith in the relationship develops. When promises are broken or people are misled, the bonds of trust are breached.

Broken promises imply that the offenders either didn’t think before making the promises, or don’t care that they’ve let you down. They’re also implying that their needs are more important than yours. So, be careful about the promises that you make and with whom you make them.

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Integrity

Integrity is a concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations, and outcomes. Barbara Killinger offers a traditional definition: Integrity is a personal choice, an uncompromising and predictably consistent commitment to honour moral, ethical, spiritual and artistic values and principles.

From en.wikipedia.org - August 20, 2014 4:40 PM

Gust MEES's insight:

About time to THINK about that AGAIN ;)

Learn more:

- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics

- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Integrity

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From www.wired.com - July 1, 2014 4:53 PM

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===> We should work together to demand that companies promise not to make us involuntary accomplices in corporate activities that compromise other people’s autonomy and trust. <===

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- http://www.scoop.it/t/social-media-and-its-influence/?tag=IBM

- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics

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From www.wired.com - June 30, 2014 4:18 PM

Gust MEES's insight:

One DOESN'T play with the emotions of OTHERS!!! :(((

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- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics

- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=EQ

Barbara Macfarlan's curator insight, June 30, 2014 5:31 PM

This doesn't inspire confidence. Although I don't know why we're surprised by Facebook. We are the product as far as Facebook. Is concerned, it doesn't owe the users anything.

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From techcrunch.com - June 29, 2014 7:20 PM

Gust MEES's insight:

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- http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=Ethics

sthreetv's curator insight, June 30, 2014 7:03 AM

Know the successful women in various fields through this exclusive program. http://www.sthree.tv/category/queen-bee/9/Pgi2rh-bq93

21st Century Learning and Teaching

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